01 / Existence

What counts as existing?

One object.
Several ways to exist.

Existence profile

01 / Collection

The cube root of two

A precisely specified real number. Existence does not guarantee a ruler-and-compass construction.

∛2
Classical existence
Yes · in ℝ
Specified as a real root in classical real analysis.
◇ Curated
Algebraic over ℚ
Yes · degree 3
A nonzero polynomial over ℚ has this object as a root.
✓ Computed
Computable
Yes
Rationals are exact; real roots of these integer polynomials admit bisection with rational bounds.
◇ Curated
Ruler & compass
× No
A constructible real number must have degree a power of 2. Degree 3 fails this necessary condition.
✓ Computed
Explicitly definable
Yes
A rational expression, or a polynomial together with an isolating condition, specifies one value.
◇ Curated
Structural characterisation
With a specified setting
The ambient field and the choice of a root matter; a polynomial alone need not distinguish conjugate roots.
◇ Curated
✓ Computed

From a root to an obstruction

x32

Primitive minimal polynomial over ℚ · degree 3

  1. Set α = ∛2. Then α³ = 2.
  2. Exact integer check: 2 is not a perfect cube. By the rational-root theorem, this degree-3 polynomial has no rational root.
  3. A degree-2 or degree-3 polynomial without a rational root is irreducible over ℚ. The minimal degree is therefore 3.
  4. A constructible real number must have degree a power of 2. Degree 3 fails this necessary condition.
  5. A degree that is a power of 2 is necessary, but by itself is NOT sufficient for arbitrary algebraic numbers.
Open the numerical picturexyy = 21.259920FIG. 01 / A ROOT, BEFORE A CONSTRUCTION

A numerical illustration, not a proof or a certified error bound.

What would a construction require?

An algorithm can approximate the root to any specified precision. A finite ruler-and-compass construction is obstructed.

Interpretation / Discussion
Which kind of construction should count as existence?

A finite geometric construction and an algorithm giving successively better approximations ask for different kinds of evidence. Change the allowed operations: does your notion of existence change with them?

A curated prompt for inquiry. Changing this lens never changes a mathematical result.